Facts of the Case
X and Y knew each other and engaged in a direct interaction. During this interaction, Y behaved in a manner that instantly provoked X. The provocation was both sudden and grave. As a result, X lost self-control and assaulted Y. The injuries caused Y’s death. X did not plan the act in advance. No prior intention to kill existed. Authorities arrested X after the incident and charged him under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for murder.
Issues in the Case
The court must determine whether X committed murder under Section 300 IPC.
It must examine whether sudden and grave provocation applies.
The court must decide if the offence falls under Section 304 IPC instead.
Another issue concerns the exact criminal liability of X under Indian law.
Legal Principles Covered to Support Case Proceedings and Judgment
Section 300 of the Indian Penal Code defines murder. Exception 1 to this section provides relief in cases of sudden and grave provocation. This exception applies when the accused loses self-control due to immediate provocation. The provocation must originate from the deceased. The accused must not act cruelly or take undue advantage. Courts require a direct link between provocation and the act. When these conditions exist, the offence becomes culpable homicide under Section 304 IPC.
Possible Judgment
The facts show no premeditation or prior intention. The provocation came directly from Y and caused instant loss of control. X acted immediately after the provocation. The act did not involve cruelty or undue advantage. Therefore, the offence does not amount to murder under Section 302 IPC. The court should convict X under Section 304 IPC. The court may apply Part I or Part II based on intention or knowledge.
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