Importance of Witness Examination In criminal and civil proceedings, witnesses play a pivotal role in establishing facts. The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, along with the […]
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“Oral evidence must, in all cases whatever, be direct. “Explain and state the exception to this Rule.
Understanding Oral Evidence Oral evidence is the spoken testimony given by witnesses in court regarding facts relevant to a case. Under Section 60 of the […]
Explain the Principles regarding the Admissibility of Dying Declaration. Why and when are ‘Dying Declaration’ relevant?
Understanding Dying Declarations A dying declaration is a statement made by a person who believes that their death is imminent, regarding the circumstances surrounding their […]
Discuss the Relevancy of Confession made while in the Custody of Police.
Understanding Confession in Criminal Law A confession in criminal law refers to a statement made by an accused person admitting to the commission of an […]
What are “Leading Questions”? When leading questions may or may not be asked?
Leading Questions In judicial proceedings, questioning witnesses is a critical part of the fact-finding process. One essential concept in this context is the idea of […]
What is Estoppel? Explain the different kinds of Estoppel.
Introduction to Estoppel The doctrine of Estoppel is a foundational principle under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, particularly found in Section 115, which prevents a […]
Explain the General Principles regarding exclusion of Oral by Documentary/evidence.
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 lays down a comprehensive framework on how facts are proved in a court of law. One of the most important […]
Discuss the relevancy of Dying Declarations and their Evidentiary Value
Introduction to Dying Declarations A dying declaration is one of the most important exceptions to the rule against hearsay. Under Section 32(1) of the Indian […]
Discuss General Rules relating to Burden of Proof.
Meaning and Importance of Burden of Proof The term “Burden of Proof” refers to the obligation placed on a party to prove the facts they […]
Who are Competent Witnesses? Is an accomplice Competent Witness?
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 lays down a comprehensive framework for the presentation of evidence in court, including rules on who is eligible to testify. […]