Meaning of Law
Law is a system of rules and principles that regulate human conduct within a society and are enforced by a recognized authority. It aims to maintain order, protect rights, and ensure justice. Law governs relationships between individuals as well as between individuals and the State. It is not merely a command but a social institution that reflects moral values, social needs, and public policy. In every organized society, law acts as a binding force that promotes peace, security, and social harmony. Without law, society would fall into disorder and chaos.
Definitions of Law by Jurists
Different jurists have defined law from various perspectives. John Austin defined law as “the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions,” emphasizing authority and enforcement. Holland described law as “a general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority.” Salmond defined law as “the body of principles recognized and applied by the State in the administration of justice.” Roscoe Pound viewed law as a tool of social engineering, focusing on balancing social interests. These definitions show that law is not only about commands and sanctions but also about justice and social welfare.
Nature and Scope of Law
The nature of law is both dynamic and evolving, adapting to changes in society. Law covers various aspects of life such as property, contracts, crimes, family relations, and governance. In India, the Constitution of India is the supreme law, and all other laws derive their authority from it. Article 13 ensures that laws inconsistent with fundamental rights are void. Thus, law serves as an instrument for justice, social control, and social change while balancing individual liberty with collective welfare.
Real-Time Illustration
A real-life example of law can be seen in traffic regulations. Rules regarding speed limits, licensing, and road safety are legally enforced to protect public safety. If violated, penalties are imposed, showing the binding nature of law. Similarly, criminal laws like the Indian Penal Code, 1860, regulate conduct by prescribing punishments for offences. These examples demonstrate how law operates in everyday life to maintain order and discipline.
Mnemonic for Easy Understanding
A simple mnemonic to remember the meaning of law is “RULES”.
R – Regulate Conduct
U – Uphold Justice
L – Laid down by Authority
E – Enforced by Courts
S – Social Control
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